What separates an impressive LBO model from a truly investment-worthy decision? In a recent advanced private equity training hosted by Onefinnet, finance professionals went beyond the standard modelling playbook. This wasn’t just another Excel tutorial; it was a masterclass on real-world structuring, strategic cash flow management, debt covenants, and exit strategies. At the helm of this session was Onefinnet CEO Kaushik Ravi, who guided participants through complexities that define private equity in practice, not just theory.
As the session evolved, it became evident: technical competence is only one part of the equation. The ability to think commercially, anticipate deal dynamics, and engage collaboratively across stakeholders; these are what shape top-tier professionals in the industry.
A Closer Look at the Revolver and Cash Flow Waterfall
The training began with a discussion on revolver mechanics and how they interact with minimum cash balance assumptions. Participants were introduced to a scenario involving a $24 million cash shortfall despite a business generating strong operating cash flow. The answer? Borrow against a revolving credit facility, precisely when minimum cash requirements aren’t met.
This wasn’t just a theory. The model taught participants to automate cash sweeps, using Excel functions like MIN to ensure cash is used optimally to pay down existing debt before additional borrowing occurs. It emphasized the logic of sequencing debt paydowns by seniority and cost, with clear nods to real-life loan agreements and covenant structures.
Such an exercise highlighted the finesse involved in deal modeling. PE professionals are not merely building models; they reflect contractual logic, capital structure priorities, and strategic risk preferences.
Debt Hierarchy and Covenant Considerations
A key takeaway from this portion of the session was understanding senior vs. junior debt obligations. Ravi explained how covenants often dictate the order of repayment, reinforcing the fact that financial modeling is not a blank canvas; it’s a map guided by legal and structural constraints.
Real-life deal experience was used to anchor the conversation. The audience explored how certain expensive debt tranches might be deprioritized in repayment due to restrictive covenants. Others raised questions about whether to use average or closing balances for interest expense; a debate tied into the underlying assumptions about quarterly cash flows and the timing of loan payments.
While Excel can handle math, the real insight lies in choosing the right assumptions for the specific deal at hand. This decision-making process, balancing theoretical accuracy with pragmatic feasibility, is what defines success in private equity roles.
Interest Expense, Circularity, and Real Returns
The training then turned to finalizing interest calculations and linking the pieces together. Participants saw how to plug interest lines across sub-schedules, manage circular references without overcomplicating the model, and ultimately arrive at a real, comprehensive net income figure for the period.
This integrated approach wasn’t just for completeness; it set the stage for analyzing deal returns. With the financial statements built out and linked, attention turned to calculating proceeds to the sponsor, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Money-on-Money (MoM) multiples. A quick scenario was introduced: invest $1 billion, exit at $3.2 billion. “That’s a 3.2x return,” Ravi noted, “but how does that map to IRR over five years?”
From paper to screen, this portion highlighted the importance of associates and analysts in tying numeric outputs to intuitive benchmarks. Modelling is not memorisation, it’s translation.
Optionality: Equity Recaps and Performance-Based Incentives
Moving into more advanced structures, Ravi introduced the concept of recapitalization and management incentive plans. A sophisticated model was shared, one that incorporated option pools, time-based and performance-based vesting, and cost of cash mechanics. These weren’t required for interviews or entry-level roles, but served to show how real PE firms align interests and plan for both best-case and worst-case outcomes.
“Option pools are critical to aligning management with fund objectives,” Ravi explained. “The more structured and transparent the plan, the better your chances of driving real operational performance.”
For attendees, this was a valuable look into how PE firms design upside incentives, execute mid-hold recaps to return cash to LPs, and build downside protection mechanisms. Even more important was the signal that strong models are also strong tools of communication, helping sponsors tell compelling stories to boards, LPs, and management teams alike.
Exit Strategies: IPO vs. Strategic Sale
The session then shifted to deal exits. A participant asked whether exits in the U.S. are as complex as they are in emerging markets. The answer? “Absolutely, if not more,” Ravi said. The discussion expanded into exit routes, including IPOs, secondary sales to other PE sponsors, and strategic acquisitions.
Each path had trade-offs. IPOs provide access to public markets and often higher valuations, but they also bring lock-up periods, volatility, and reputational risk. Strategic sales offer cleaner exits but may involve longer negotiation cycles. In practice, many PE firms explore both concurrently, a process known as “dual tracking.”
This insight sparked deeper conversations about buyer psychology, liquidity discounts, and timing the market. Exit modeling, participants learned, is as much about judgment and market awareness as it is about numbers.
The MBA Role: Beyond Modeling
Another key highlight of the session was a breakdown of pre- and post-MBA responsibilities in private equity roles. Participants were shown how new associates, even MBAs, are expected to build solo models in their first 6–12 months. This isn’t to test technical skill alone, but to ensure alignment with the fund’s modeling style and decision framework.
Beyond the modeling, associates handle NDAs, interface with bankers, recommend thesis viability, and negotiate key terms. As Ravi put it, “You’re not just a number-cruncher. You’re a thesis owner.”
This dual role, analyst and decision-maker, reflects the evolution expected from finance professionals in private equity. Networking also came into the spotlight here. From building relationships with bankers to sourcing third-party diligence, networking wasn’t mentioned directly, but its importance was threaded throughout.
The Subtle Power of Networking
While technical skills were central to the session, it was clear that relationships underpin much of private equity work. Whether it’s negotiating NDAs, sourcing deals, or preparing for exit options, the ability to communicate, collaborate, and stay informed through one’s network is invaluable.
This is where platforms like Onefinnet add lasting value. Training is important, but it’s the ongoing dialogue with peers and mentors that sharpens judgment and accelerates career growth. As participants shared their questions and strategies, the benefits of engaging in a high-caliber community became increasingly evident.
Final Reflections
This session wasn’t just a modeling workshop; it was a comprehensive walkthrough of how private equity professionals think, structure, and execute deals. Participants left with more than Excel shortcuts. They gained a framework for real decision-making, a clearer picture of their evolving responsibilities, and an appreciation for the nuances that make or break a deal.
In private equity, success isn’t just built on models. It’s built through mindset, methods, and meaningful connections.
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